New Belgium Brewing - 1433 Words

Colorado Technical University New Belgium Brewing: Ethical and Environmental Responsibility Case Study Michael Strait, J.D., LL.M. Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for PHIL310 Ethics By Anthony Weir; 05B6315034 Colorado Springs, Colorado June 2007 1. What environmental issue does the New Belgium Brewing Company work to address? How has NBB taken a strategic approach to addressing these issues? Why do you think the company has chosen to focus on environmental issues? New Belgium Brewing strives to reduce it’s impact on the environment. NBB invested in a wind turbine, making it the first fully wind powered brewery in the United States. NBB has also incorporated a steam condenser that captures and reuses hot†¦show more content†¦What environmental issue does the New Belgium Brewing Company work to address? How has NBB taken a strategic approach to addressing these issues? Why do you think the company has chosen to focus on environmental issues? New Belgium Brewing try to reduce its negative impact from the natural environment. New Belgium Brewing (NBB) invest in a wind turbine, making it the first fully wind powered brewery in the United States. NBB has also invested a mist condenser that helps to reuses of hot water used for boiling barley and hops to create the after that brew. This steam also helps to heat the floor tiles and de-ice the room in during winter. NBB has also many other energy saving processes like use of daylight. I think that the company has chosen to focus on the environment because of the type of their business is unethical. From my view point its master product Tobacco and Brew both r harmful for society and environment. I think it just a way of advertising. We know Prevention is better than cure. SoI think it’s better to do something for environment without doing harmful activities Are NBB’s social initiatives indicative of strategic philanthropy? Why or why not? Answer: I believe that this is a case of strategic philanthropy. Why? The owner of organization introduces that type of business which is harmful for environment. Then he takes some steps to reduce this impact in environment. It is not a philanthropic work forShow MoreRelatedNew Belgium Brewing:2044 Words   |  9 PagesNew Belgium Brewing: Environmental and Social Responsibilities New Belgium Brewing Company’s (NBB) mission statement is â€Å"to operate a profitable brewery which is socially, ethically and environmentally responsible, that produces high quality beer true to Belgian brewing styles.† Does New Belgium’s mission statement make an ethical stance for the business? Does it even have any bearing on the products and their beliefs? It seems to when it comes to operating a profitable business and the â€Å"green†Read MoreNew Belgium Brewing: SWOT Analysis1354 Words   |  6 Pagesemployee-owned (Gorski, 2013). 2) Environmental impact Strives to be a leader in environmental responsibility 3) Marketing The company went with a new concept the â€Å"Follow your Folly where it relied on whimsical branding that evoked nostalgic and reflective memories† (Ferrell, 2010.pg 67/473). 4) Sustainability Strives to be the leader in micro brewing while maintaining the core values it started with and had employee buy in even before it went† 100 % employee owned in2013† (Gorski, 2013). Weakness:Read MoreCase Study New Belgium Brewing2315 Words   |  10 PagesNew Belgium Brewing A paper submitted in partial fulfillment for the Bachelor of Science degree in Business Administration and Finance Table of Contents Page No. Introduction†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.3 Environmental Issues†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..3, 4, 5 Strategic Philanthropy†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.5, 6 Ethical and Social Responsible†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦...6, 7, 8 Areas of Development†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.8, 9 Conclusion†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦9, 10 Resources†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Read MoreNew Belgium Brewing: Ethical and Environmental Responsibility3490 Words   |  14 Pageseveryone in the community. Managers and employees become role models for ethical and socially responsible actions. One such small business is the New Belgium Brewing Company, Inc., based in Fort Collins, Colorado. History of the New Belgium Brewing Company The idea for the New Belgium Brewing Company began with a bicycling trip through Belgium. Belgium is arguably the home of some of the world’s finest ales, some of which have been brewed for centuries in that country’s monasteries. As Jeff LebeschRead MoreNew Belgium Brewing And Its Effect On Social Responsibility1789 Words   |  8 PagesNew Belgium Brewing or NBB is a brewing company that stands apart from the competition in many ways. Who would have thought that a brewing company would be thought as an example of how an ethical and socially responsible company should be ran? The other part that is a surprise to most is that it is a fairly small corporation. It is nowhere near the size of a giant like Anheuser-Busch. So why is New Belgium so adamant about being different and a step above the competition? That is the overall focusRead MoreEssay New Belgium Brewing Marketing Strategy to Expand2392 Words   |  10 PagesBA 580 June 28, 2011 New Belgium Brewing Case Study Analysis New Belgium brewery has increasingly grew throughout the years since their development in 1991. Despite the dominance of the â€Å"Big Three† (Budweiser, Miller, and Coors), NBB needs to be aggressive and strive to invest in the attractive beer industry in able to grow more. If positioned correctly, NBB and its main brand, Fat Tire, can continually grow. An evaluation of the industry, the business itself, its brands, and the customersRead MoreEssay on New Belgium Brewing Case Study1125 Words   |  5 PagesNew Belgium Brewing: Ethical and Environmental Responsibility History Belgium is home of the finest ales and have been known to brew for centuries. So when Jeff Lebesch, an electrical engineer from Fort Collins, Colorado took a bicycle trip through Belgium it made him realize there may be a market back home to sell Belgian-style ale. Jeff returned home with hopes to experiment and brew his own beer in his basement from the various ingredients he received on his trip. When his friendsRead MoreCase Study : Colorado s New Belgium Brewing Co Essay1501 Words   |  7 Pagesthe communities around them, prosper. Fort Collins, Colorado’s New Belgium Brewing Co. (NBB) is an example of a socially responsible company that is prospering. To provide some insight into how socially responsible NBB is as a company, three points will be discussed. First is the environment issues that NBB faces and how they address them. Next is how social responsibility provides a competitive advantage for the company. Lastly, how New Belgium’s actions and initiat ive are indicative of a sociallyRead MoreNew Belgium Brewing3841 Words   |  16 PagesWhat follows New Belgium’s Folly? Emmanuel Danmozie Lyn Scott John Towne Texas Woman’s University BUS 5133.51 April 23, 2011 Dr. Raman Executive Summary New Belgium Brewing’s original marketing strategy focused on relational marketing using a â€Å"barstool to barstool† method of marketing and creating â€Å"brand stewards† in a grassroots effort to spread the word about New Belgium’s craft beers. As the company’s brand and leadership strategy matured, the marketing became proactive and focusedRead MoreCase: New Belgium Brewing717 Words   |  3 PagesCase 4: New Belgium Brewing One of the Nation’s third-largest craft breweries, based out of Colorado, New Belgium Brewing Company, Inc. (the Company). The Company was founded in 1991, a privately held corporation. Its first operation started off in the basement of Jeff Lebesch (founder). The Company prides itself on its branding strategies â€Å"triple bottom line† and social responsibility which focuses on economic, social, and environmental factors. New Belgium’s marketing strategy links the Company’s

George Orwells Shooting an Elephant Essay - 783 Words

George Orwells Shooting an Elephant In Shooting an Elephant, George Orwell finds himself in a difficult situation involving an elephant. The fate of the elephant lies in his hands. Only he can make the final decision. In the end, due to Orwells decision, the elephant lay dying in a pool of blood. Orwell wins the sympathy of readers by expressing the pressure he feels as an Anglo-Indian in Burma, struggling with his morals, and showing a sense of compassion for the dying animal. Readers sympathize with Orwell because they can relate to his emotions in the moments before the shooting. Being the white ?leader,? he should have been able to make an independent decision, but was influenced by the ?natives? (Orwell 101).†¦show more content†¦Secretly he hates the British Empire and is on the side of the Burmese (97). The elephant is equivalent to the British Empire ravaging through Burma and disrupting the little bit of peace that they have. So in that instant he felt that he had to kill the elephant. Another aspect that wins readers sympathy is Orwells struggle with what he thought was right and what the Burmese wanted him to do. The readers have a sense that he did not have ill-intent to kill the elephant. When Orwell says, ? As soon as I saw the Elephant I knew with certainty that I ought not shoot him? (99). The readers know that cruelty or hatred for the beast was not his motive. Orwell repeats the he does not want to kill it and the readers sympathize with him. Almost everyone has been in a situation were he or she could not base a decision on personal beliefs and knows that going against those beliefs is very difficult. Orwell explains, ?For it is the condition of his rule that he shall spend hid life in trying to impress the ?natives and so in every crisis he has got to do what the ?natives expect of him? (100). Readers respect Orwell for his sense of duty. He realizes the his decision must be based on the best interest of the Burmese. Also, Orwell showed great feelings of compassion for the dying animal. He wasShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of George Orwells Shooting An Elephant1154 Words   |  5 Pagesauthority? Are we sheep’s who only do what we are told. Is that the same in Orwell’s case? John F Kennedy once said, â€Å"A man does what he must - in spite of personal consequences, in spite of obstacles and dangers and pressures - and that is the basis of all human morality.† Shooting an Elephant by George Orwell he touches base on morality which makes the reader question their beliefs. In Shooting an Elephant, George Orwell’s works as a sub-divisional police officer in the British colony of BurmaRead MoreShooting The Elephant In George Orwells Shooting An Elephant983 Words   |  4 PagesEarning respect from the villagers meant shooting the elephant, and not shooting the elephant; humiliation. This is the problem the narrator faced in the story Shooting an Elephant by George Orwell. The narrator was already hated for being an English police officer by the locals in Burma. Any hatred he received could be resolved through the rampant elephant situation that arises, although, this was not an easy case to handle. However, the narrator takes it on in hopes of earning respect from theRead MoreSymbolism In George Orwells Shooting An Elephant942 Words   |  4 Pages In 1936, George Orwell, a prominent British novelist and police officer in lower Burma published an essay titled â€Å"Shooting an Elephant†. In this essay Orwell argues that imperialism ruins both the oppressor and the oppressed. Orwell furthers this claim with rhetorical devices to legitimize his work. Orwell uses sympathy to evoke feelings in the reader that are relatable, such as him working for something he does not believe in. Orwell also applies his perspective throughout the whole essayRead MoreAnalysis Of George Orwells Shooting An Elephant856 Words   |  4 PagesUnexpected choices one is forced to make can have long-lasting effects. In Shooting an Elephant, by George Orwell, the author remembers an event from his life when he was about twenty years old during which he had to choose between two evils. Many years later, the episode seems to still haunt him. The story happens at some time during the five unhappy years Orwell spends as a British police officer in Bu rma. He hates his situation in life, and when he is faced with a problem where its difficultRead MoreIrony In George Orwells Shooting An Elephant854 Words   |  4 PagesIn George Orwell’s 1936 essay, â€Å"Shooting an Elephant†, Orwell thoroughly describes his position in Burma, India during a period of British imperialism. Though Orwell is a police officer working for the British, his mind varies in the feelings he has towards his position. Orwell feels ambivalence, as he thinks that his position is controversial because he despises imperialism, yet when trying to do his job and simultaneously please the Burmese, Orwell receives contempt from them. Orwell tries to conveyRead MoreAnalysis Of George Orwells Shooting An Elephant879 Words   |  4 PagesIn the story â€Å"Shooting an Elephant† George Orwell says, â€Å"The people expected it of me and I had got to do it; I could feel their two thousand wills pressing me forward, irresistibly†. By him sayi ng this it reminded me of a time I was once pressured into doing something that I really didn’t want to do. Giving into pressure whether it’s you being pressured by your peers, or even pressured by people you don’t know, you should never do something or give into doing something if it goes against what youRead MoreThe Evil Of Imperialism In George Orwells Shooting An Elephant1023 Words   |  5 PagesShooting An Elephant In George Orwell’s narrative, â€Å"Shooting An Elephant,† Orwell recreates his experience as a soldier trying to end imperialism in the country of Burma by shooting an elephant. George Orwell recreates this experience of imperialism being evil through the use of literary devices. Orwell opens his essay by reflecting upon the evil of British imperialism before shooting the elephant. Orwell’s hatred for imperialism is exemplified when he mentions â€Å"was hated by large numbers of peopleRead MoreHow And Authority In George Orwells Shooting An Elephant1055 Words   |  5 Pagesunfortunately, sometimes people are forced to do some things that they do not want to do. So, in the essay Shooting an Elephant George Orwell describes on his personal experience how and authority influences people to sacrifice their own principles. I believe that all people need in a harmony with oneself and not bend before others to try to satisfy other peoples needs. Firstly, when I read Orwells work I was really shocked, my feelings were vague like my mind was in a haze. The writer tells aboutRead MoreRole Of Authority In George Orwells Shooting An Elephant849 Words   |  4 Pageswould you do it? How would you feel being laughed at while holding a position of authority? In George Orwell’s narrative â€Å"Shooting an Elephant† you are walked through a series of events that led to his life changing experience. Britain’s imperialism was hard on many people. Burmese citizens mainly, but also the British officers. While reading this narrative I tried placing my self in the position of George Orwell. Thinking to myself â€Å"How would I react if this were me?† Of course I would do exactlyRead MoreBritish-Imperialism In George Orwells Shooting An Elephant718 Words   |  3 PagesThe essay â€Å"Shooting an Elephant,† by George Orwell tells about the life of the narrator in a time of British-Imperialism. He tells th e story of himself being a sub-divisional police officer in a town that was against the occupation of the British. The narrator worked in an aimless and lack of control area. The essay often tells of the anger that Orwell feels about the natives. The narrator’s attitude toward the natives is anger because the natives made his job difficult, they ridiculed him, and pressured

Does the government do enough to punish cyber-attacks criminals Free Essays

1.0 Introduction Cyber-attacks have become a significant problem for information systems (IS) worldwide. When referring to information systems, the term cyber-attack is used for denoting a malicious action that aims to result to specific benefit, usually financial, and which is developed through online routes as available in the Internet (Vacca, 2009). We will write a custom essay sample on Does the government do enough to punish cyber-attacks criminals? or any similar topic only for you Order Now In the UK, the expansion of cyber-crime has been quite rapid the last few years leading to severe financial losses for the victims, individuals and businesses (Cabinet Office, 2011). The graph in Figure 1 shows the cost of the various types of cyber – crime to the UK economy. This paper explores the effectiveness of measures taken by the UK government in regard to the punishment of cyber-crime, aiming to show whether the current initiatives for the UK government for punishing the cyber-crime are sufficient or not. The paper also explains the key characteristics and the value of information systems (IS) security so that the potential of the UK government to secure safety from cyber-crimes is evaluated. I will argue that the UK government does not enough to punish cyber-attacks and criminals. Moreover, the introduction by the government of stricter punishment for cyber-attacks has not resulted to the limitation of this type of crime, as explained below. Figure 1 – Cost of different types of cyber – crime to the UK economy (Cabinet Office, 2011, p.2) 2.0 Security of IS – characteristics and importance Security, as a term, can be related to different fields. In the context of information technology, the term security is used for describing ‘a power system’s degree of risk in its ability to survive imminent disturbances without interruption of customer service’ (Cuzzocrea et al., 2013, p.244). As for the term ‘IT security’, this term refers to three values/ characteristics of an IT system, such as: ‘confidentiality, integrity and availability’ (Katsikas, 2016, p.28). According to Mehdi (2014), the term IS security denotes ‘the protection of IS against unauthorized access’ (p.4310). It is explained that a secure IS can ensure that its data will not be modified or lost (Mehdi, 2014). Also, such system is able to detect early any security threat activating appropriate protection mechanisms (Merkow, 2010). At organizational level, IS security is ensured by using an IS security policy, i.e. a set of rules referring to the securit y standards that would apply in all IS of the organisation involved (Kim and Solomon, 2016). However, the demands of such policy can be many, a fact which is justified if considering the several types of IS threats (Cabinet Office, 2011; Figure 1). Organisations often need to hire an Information System Security Officer (ISSO) for ensuring IS security (Kovachich, 2016). 3.0 The punishment of cyber-attacks and criminals – government initiatives and effects 3.1 Laws and policies focusing on IS security In the UK, the first law addressing cyber – crimes appeared in 1990 and aimed to cover the gaps of existing legislation in regard to the protection of IT systems from cyber-attacks (Emm, 2009). This was the 1990 Computer Misuse Act. The introduction in the UK of a legislative text focusing on cyber-attacks has been highly related to a cyber-attack incident: the unauthorized access, by two cyber-attackers, to BT’s Prestel service in 1984 (Emm, 2009). When dealing with the above case, the court used the 1981 Forgery and Counterfeiting Act, due to the lack of a legislative text focusing on computer-related crimes (Emm, 2009). In May of 2015, the Serious Crime Act 2015 came into action (Eversheds-Sutherland, 2015). The articles 41 up to 44 of the above law introduced stricter punishment for cyber-crimes. More specifically, in the context of the 1990 Computer Misuse Act the imprisonment for serious cyber-crimes could not exceed the 10 years. With the 2015 Act, the imprisonme nt for cyber-crimes has been significantly increased, reaching the 14 years and even, the life sentence in cases of cyber-crimes threatening national security (Eversheds-Sutherland, 2015). This, stricter, punishment for cyber-crimes could discourage cyber-criminals but only if the enforcement of the law was appropriately supported, so that all cases of cyber-crimes are brought before the courts (White, 2016). The National Cyber Security Strategy (CSS) of 2011 has been an effort of the British government to control cyber-crime (Shefford, 2015). The Computer Emergency Response Team (CERT) is a national team that was established in 2014 for helping towards the achievement of the objectives of CSS (Cabinet Office, 2014, p.13). The CERT team provides to organisations in the private and the public sector critical information for the protection from cyber-attacks (Cabinet Office, 2014). Additionally, in the context of CSS, educational initiatives focusing on cyber security are developed by institutions across the UK; these initiatives are funded by the government and aim to achieve two targets: First, to increase the awareness of the public in regard to cyber security. Second, to help individuals to acquire skills which are necessary for supporting cyber security and for facing cyber-attacks (Cabinet Office, 2014; Figure 2). The Cyber Security Challenge (CSC) is a programme developed by the UK g overnment for helping young people to understand the risks from using their cyber skills in the wrong way; the programme includes competitions and other schemes that can motivate young people to use their cyber skills in a proactive way and not for the commitment of cyber – crimes (National Crime Agency, 2017). Figure 1 – Initiatives/ measures of the National CSS for facing cyber-crime (Cabinet Office, 2014, p.22) 3.2 Cyber-attack incidents in governmental and non-governmental organisations The number of cyber-attacks against governmental and non-governmental organisations in the UK is continuously increased (White, 2016). From January to October of 2016, 75 cyber-attacks have been reported against banks in the UK, while in 2014 these attacks were just five (White, 2016). In 2013, three individuals in Britain were convicted to jail, from 6 months up to 22 months, for unauthorised access of sensitive private data stored in ‘PayPal, Visa and Mastercard’ (McTague, 2014). The above punishment was considered as too soft compared to the seriousness of the crime. In 2014, the government decided to initiate the modification of existing punishment for cyber-crimes, so that future perpetrators are discouraged from committing a cyber-crime (McTague, 2014). Pultarova (2016) argued that banks in the UK face cyber-attacks quite regularly but they avoid reporting the specific incidents trying to protect their market image. In November of 2016, Chancellor P. Hammond noted that critical infrastructure units of the UK, such as airports and gas facilities, are threatened by ‘cyber-attacking techniques developed by other countries’ (BBC News, 2016). It was noted that the protection from such attacks would be a priority for the UK in order for the country’s security, at national level, to be ensured (BBC News, 2016). In 2011 the general police officer in the e-crime department of Scotland-Yard argued that the punishment of cyber – crimes in the UK is too soft if considering the actual damage that these crimes cause (BBC News, 2011). It was explained that the annual damage on the UK economy from cyber-crimes reaches the ?27bn (BBC News, 2011). In 2016, the National Crime Agency of the UK published a report for showing the status of cyber-crimes, in terms of occurrence/ rate of appearance. According to the above report, the cyber – crime represents a major part of criminal activity in the UK, reaching the 36% among all crim es developed in the UK. At the same time, the crimes related to computer misuse reached the 17% among the country’s total crimes (National Crime Agency, 2016). The above figures and facts indicate the inability of the UK government to control cyber-crime. The introduction in 2015 of stricter punishment for cyber-crimes has been an important initiative by the UK government for controlling cyber-crime. However, this initiative should be combined with other measures, at national and at community level. In a speech in mid-February of 2017, Chancellor P. Hammond noted that in the previous three months a total of 188 severe cyber-attacks had been reported; these attacks aimed to cause severe damage to governmental services, infrastructure and businesses (Cole, 2017). A similar issue has been raised by Lord West of Spithead who noted in 2010 that in 2009 the UK had to face ‘300 significant attacks’ on the IS of the government (Doward, 2010). According to Lord West, this problem had become quite serious, denoting that the UK had been targeted by cyber criminals worldwide, as these attacks seemed to be supported by foreign governments, as Lord West noted (Doward, 2010). The above arguments verify the existence of gaps in the existing national framework for the protection from cyber-attacks, as this framework constitutes the national legislation and national policy for the control of cyber – crime. The facts presented above further verify the inability of the UKâ€℠¢s policy to reduce the occurrence of cyber-crime. Guitton (2012) developed an experiment, using data related to cyber-attacks that occurred between 2003 and 2010 in businesses located in three European countries: Germany, UK and France. It was revealed that the relationship between attribution and deterrence is strong only in cases of individuals of individuals who are aware of the existing legislation for cyber-crime and who can realise the actual effects of their actions. These individuals represented the 1/3 of the cases reviewed by Guitton (2012). In opposition, it was found that most individuals involved in cyber-crimes are not fully aware of the relevant legislation and they tend to ignore the effects of their actions. For these individuals, the control theory which emphasises on the power of attribution, as held by the state, to ensure deterrence is not applied, as Guitton (2012) argued. In the context of the above study, the potential of the British government to control cyber-crime is limited. This fact, even it would be ac cepted, could not affect the view on the government’s efforts to confront cyber-crime. The update of the terms of punishment of cyber-crimes just in 2015 and the lack of effective control mechanisms for identifying and reporting cyber – attacks verify the failure of the government to ensure the punishment of cyber-attacks and criminals. 4.0 Conclusion and Recommendations It is concluded that the UK government does not make enough to punish cyber-attacks and criminals. First, a significant delay has been identified in the introduction of appropriate/ fair penalties. Indeed, the introduction of strict punishment for cyber-crimes took place just in 2015, as explained above. The facts and views presented in this paper lead to the assumption that for many years, the government has avoided confronting cyber-attacks as a criminal activity, a fact that led to the radical increase of cyber-attacks against IS systems in governmental services and in financial institutions. At the same time, IS security has several aspects, meaning that eliminating cyber – crime is rather impossible. The soft punishment framework for cyber-crimes, as used in the past, has led to the severe deterioration of the problem across the UK. The increase of effectiveness of current legislation, as from May 2015, on cyber-attacks could be achieved through certain practices, such a s: First, events and seminars would be organized at community level for informing individuals on the characteristics of cyber-attacks and the available measures for protection; these seminars would also provide guidelines to entrepreneurs in regard to the value of IS security policy, as part of business strategy. Second, incentives would be provided to entrepreneurs for pursuing the certification of their business according to the information security management standards, such as the ISO/IEC 27000 standards. Third, an independent authority would be established for controlling the performance of governmental and non-governmental organisations in regard to IS safety. Finally, the investment on IS security in governmental and non-governmental organisations would be increased. Security frameworks, such as the ‘Intrusion Detection System’ (IDS), could be employed in these organisations for ensuring IS security in IS systems that manage and store high volume of private data (Stair and Reynolds, 2015, p.460). 5.0 Personal reflections This project has been related to a critical issue: the findings in regard to the study’s subject have been contradictory. More specifically, the UK government has tried to confront cyber-attacks through legislation and relevant policies but the punishment for these crimes has been characterised as soft, at least up to 2015, while the number of cyber-attacks in the UK is continuously increased. Under these terms, I had to face a dilemma: how should the performance of the UK government in facing cyber-crime would be evaluatedBy referring to the initiatives taken or by emphasising on the actual results of these initiativesReflection has helped me to face the above problem. Indeed, reflection can help the researcher to have ‘an objective sense of things’ (Gillett et al., 2013, 85). Moreover, using reflection I tried to estimate the balance between the positive and negative aspects of government’s efforts to punish cyber-crime and to understand which aspect of t he government’s strategy against cyber-crime is more related to the research question: this paper aims to explain whether the government has done enough on the punishment of cyber-crime. Through reflection, I understood that the occurrence of cyber-attacks in the UK should be preferred as the criterion for answering the research question. Ventola and Mauranen (1996) explained that reflection can help the researcher to identify the research findings that are closer to the research question, a fact that allows the researcher to use the right material for answering the research question. Additionally, I used reflection during the development of the study for managing time and for tracking research gaps, which have been covered after the completion of the project. The above tasks have been supported by a research diary (Day, 2013), in the form of notes, where daily progress in regard to research and writing was reported. Thus, the use of reflection while developing this project h elped me to control risks, in regard to the project’s structure and content, and to manage time more effectively, covering all aspects of the research question. 6.0 References BBC News (2016) UK must retaliate against cyber-attacks says chancellor. Available from: http://www.bbc.com/news/technology-37821867 [Accessed 15 March 2017]. BBC News (2011) Cyber criminals ‘should get tough sentences’ say police. Available from: http://www.bbc.com/news/uk-15680466 [Accessed 15 March 2017]. Cabinet Office (2011) The cost of cabinet crime. Available from: https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/60943/the-cost-of-cyber-crime-full-report.pdf [Accessed 15 March 2017]. Cabinet Office (2014) The UK Cyber Security Strategy. Report on Progress and Forward Plans. Available from: https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/386093/The_UK_Cyber_Security_Strategy_Report_on_Progress_and_Forward_Plans_-_De___.pdf [Accessed 15 March 2017]. Cole, H. (2017) UK Government and businesses are hit by two ‘serious’ cyber-attacks a day. The Sun. Available from: https://www.thesun.co.uk/news/2857508/uk-government-and-businesses-are-hit-by-two-serious-cyber-attacks-a-day/ [Accessed 15 March 2017]. Cuzzocrea, A., Kittl, C., Simos, D., Weippl, E. and Xu, L. (2013) Availability, Reliability, and Security in Information Systems and HCI: IFIP WG 8.4, 8.9, TC 5 International Cross-Domain Conference, CD-ARES 2013, Regensburg, Germany, September 2-6, 2013, Proceedings. New York: Springer. Day, T. (2013) Success in Academic Writing. Oxford: Palgrave Macmillan Doward, J. (2010) Britain fends off flood of foreign cyber-attacks. The Guardian. Available from: https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2010/mar/07/britain-fends-off-cyber-attacks [Accessed 15 March 2017]. Emm, D. (2009) Cybercrime and the law: a review of UK computer crime legislation. SecureList. Available from: https://securelist.com/analysis/publications/36253/cybercrime-and-the-law-a-review-of-uk-computer-crime-legislation/ [Accessed 15 March 2017]. Eversheds-Sutherland (2015) Will the Serious Crime Act 2015 toughen the UK’s cybercrime regimeAvailable from: http://www.eversheds-sutherland.com/global/en/what/articles/index.page?ArticleID=en/tmt/Serious_Crime_Act_2015_May2015 [Accessed 15 March 2017]. Gillett, A., Hammond, A. and Martala, M. (2013) Inside Track to Successful Academic Writing. Essex: Pearson Education. Guitton, C. (2012) Criminals and Cyber Attacks: The Missing Link between Attribution and Deterrence. International Journal of Cyber Criminology, 6(2), pp.1030-1043. Katsikas, S. (2016) Information Systems Security: Facing the information society of the 21st century. New York: Springer. Kim, D. and Solomon, M. (2016) Fundamentals of Information Systems Security. Sudbury: Jones Bartlett Publishers. Kovachich, G. (2016) The Information Systems Security Officer’s Guide: Establishing and Managing a Cyber Security Program. Oxford: Butterworth-Heinemann. McTague, T. (2014) Computer hackers face life in prison under new Government crackdown on cyber terrorism. Mail Online. Available from: http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-2649452/Computer-hackers-face-life-prison-new-Government-crackdown-cyber-terrorism.html [Accessed 15 March 2017]. Mehdi, K. (2014) Encyclopedia of Information Science and Technology. Hershey: IGI Global. Merkow, M. (2010) Security Policies and Implementation Issues. Sudbury: Jones Bartlett Publishers. National Crime Agency (2017) Cyber – crime: preventing young people from being involved. Available from: http://www.nationalcrimeagency.gov.uk/crime-threats/cyber-crime/cyber-crime-preventing-young-people-from-getting-involved [Accessed 15 March 2017]. National Crime Agency (2016) Cyber – Crime Assessment 2016. Available from: http://www.nationalcrimeagency.gov.uk/publications/709-cyber-crime-assessment-2016/file [Accessed 15 March 2017]. Pultarova, T. (2016) UK banks under constant cyber-attack but don’t report incidents. Engineering Technology. Available from: https://eandt.theiet.org/content/articles/2016/10/uk-banks-under-constant-cyber-attack-but-dont-report-incidents/ [Accessed 15 March 2017]. Shefford, M. (2015) What is the UK government doing about cybersecurityDatonomy. Available from: http://datonomy.eu/2015/04/01/what-is-the-uk-government-doing-about-cybersecurity/ [Accessed 15 March 2017]. Stair, R. and Reynolds, G. (2015) Fundamentals of Information Systems. 8th ed. Belmont: Cengage Learning. Vacca, J. (2009) Computer and Information Security Handbook. Burlington: Morgan Kaufmann. Ventola, E. and Mauranen, A. (1996) Academic Writing: Intercultural and textual issues. John Benjamins Publishing. White, L. (2016) British banks keep cyber-attacks under wraps to protect image. Reuters. Available from: http://uk.reuters.com/article/us-britain-banks-cyber-idUKKBN12E0NQ [Accessed 15 March 2017]. How to cite Does the government do enough to punish cyber-attacks criminals?, Essay examples

Horace - Adversity free essay sample

What I believe that Horace is trying to say through â€Å"Adversity has the effect of electing talents which in prosperous circumstances would have lain dormant† is that challenges bring about innate talents in individuals which would have otherwise been undiscovered. Through personal experiences and the novel â€Å"The Scarlet Letter† I can certainly justify why this quote is not completely accurate. Adversity is merely a stimulant, but a person’s own character is what drives him to be successful. One of the experiences I had with this line in real life happens with immigrants. Immigrants, such as my own parents, have to work extremely hard to escape their own impoverished nation and migrate to a first world county such as the United States or Europe. Once they migrate, their children don’t nearly have to face the same difficulties as they had. Horace’s quote claims that the children should now turn out less successful than their parents. We will write a custom essay sample on Horace Adversity or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page But this is not the case. These kids from these immigrants rise to the top. By having better living conditions and more opportunities than their parents, these kids are able to compete with local children and be highly successful. Although one might argue that adversity was the reason the immigrants were able to succeed in finding the willpower and determination to come to these new nations, it does not explain why their children were so successful. I believe that the children saw their parents struggle and chose themselves to work hard and be successful. Just as a parent can only push their child to do better in school but only the child can decide wheatear to or not, adversity can only stimulate a response; it cannot cause an individual to be suddenly prosperous. Just as we can see how adversity doesn’t cause people to find hidden talents and prosper against all odds in real life, it also applies in literature. In the novel â€Å"The Scarlet Letter†, Hester Prynne doesn’t become motivated to find a new face in the town by the difficulties she faced after public demotion but rather it was her characteristics and innate determination which led her to overcome the challenges present. These characteristics were present before and after the public demotion proving that adversity doesn’t cause individuals to be suddenly more powerful merely with a challenge. Every challenge requires determination and willpower to overcome. It is not the challenge itself which causes people to find these essential elements. Individuals don’t magically find innate abilities and talents when presented a challenging task. It requires a combination of  determination and confidence to overcome these tasks which will something rarely result in the discovery of innate talents. But most of the time, it is just a discovery of making decisions and responsibility. Challenges come often, but they rarely result in the discovery of hidden talents. People know their talents and need to use them to overcome the challenges. We see this in the real world though the children of immigrants as well as in â€Å"The Scarlet Letter†. Adversity does not find innate talents for people b ut rather it is the person themselves.

Les Miserables The Musical

Free Essays on Advertising Analysis

My advertisement was found in a recent addition to recovery magazine. Recovery is a magazine aimed at teenagers that fall into the category that enjoy surfing, skating and mainly punk and rock music. The particular advertisement I chose was explicitly for sunglasses but it was also for the retail store that sells them. In this case the shop is called Glue. The theme of the particular advertisement is a virtual reality. Like the product is from another world but you the consumer can purchase then now. The actual virtual reality theme is portrayed in significant detail, which also sets this advertisement apart from the others. In the advertisement the background image which is part of the virtual look is lined, also known as interlaced, to create the feeling of virtual reality greatly increase. The two characters in the advertisement are specifically placed also. The actual background image has a wall in it so the producers set the 2 characters apart. By making the male close to the camera showing only the top half and the female counter part is set back on top of the wall to show the whole body and how real it is. The characters, male and female, look as if they are playing a virtual shooting game. The characters are holding fake guns that look quite futuristic yet still portray an image of virtual reality. The advertisement incorporates a white border to show of the orangeness of the advertisement. The bottom section of the advertisement is sort of cut off to add to the virtual reality feeling and to add to the feeling of being in the game also. The bottom section is compiled of 4 sections. The first of the four sections is an artificial picture of an unrealistic gun and text confirming the consumer is on â€Å"Level four†. This adds to the virtualness. The second section comprises of another advertisement for a product in which the consumer, a punk, rock, surfy-skater, would also be interested in. A specific brand name i... Free Essays on Advertising Analysis Free Essays on Advertising Analysis My advertisement was found in a recent addition to recovery magazine. Recovery is a magazine aimed at teenagers that fall into the category that enjoy surfing, skating and mainly punk and rock music. The particular advertisement I chose was explicitly for sunglasses but it was also for the retail store that sells them. In this case the shop is called Glue. The theme of the particular advertisement is a virtual reality. Like the product is from another world but you the consumer can purchase then now. The actual virtual reality theme is portrayed in significant detail, which also sets this advertisement apart from the others. In the advertisement the background image which is part of the virtual look is lined, also known as interlaced, to create the feeling of virtual reality greatly increase. The two characters in the advertisement are specifically placed also. The actual background image has a wall in it so the producers set the 2 characters apart. By making the male close to the camera showing only the top half and the female counter part is set back on top of the wall to show the whole body and how real it is. The characters, male and female, look as if they are playing a virtual shooting game. The characters are holding fake guns that look quite futuristic yet still portray an image of virtual reality. The advertisement incorporates a white border to show of the orangeness of the advertisement. The bottom section of the advertisement is sort of cut off to add to the virtual reality feeling and to add to the feeling of being in the game also. The bottom section is compiled of 4 sections. The first of the four sections is an artificial picture of an unrealistic gun and text confirming the consumer is on â€Å"Level four†. This adds to the virtualness. The second section comprises of another advertisement for a product in which the consumer, a punk, rock, surfy-skater, would also be interested in. A specific brand name i...

Condition monitoring Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Condition monitoring - Essay Example Common electrical components like transformers and power cables are tested for partial discharge as part of a quality assessment framework. In fact, detection of partial discharge is a common practice adopted by electrical manufacturers across the world since the 1980s. Testing for partial discharge is necessary to improve the quality and reliability of electrical systems, as it has been cited as one of the primary reasons for failure of electrical systems (Bengtsson, 2003). The presence of partial discharge indicates a partial damage to the insulation that can lead to speaking effects along the insulation surface. Thus, detecting partial discharge helps in the identification of flaws like cracks and voids where there is a maximum probability of electrical stresses that can lead to a breach of the insulation. The analysis of partial discharge can be carried out using several predictive tests that identify any degradation of the insulation before such a condition leads to the damage o f the system. Such testing can further be carried out in standard operating conditions and does not require any special arrangements. Zhiqiang, (2004) says that typical methods of detection include acoustic, electrical and chemical techniques that do not affect the insulation system. Besides, all these methods for detection can be undertaken at reasonable costs and thus find widespread acceptance in the industry. This paper discusses the acoustic method of partial discharge (PD) detection by describing the advantages and disadvantages of the technique. Further, data has been sourced from 6 different research papers that analyze the acoustic PD method from different perspectives. Discussions and inferences from these individual papers has been presented and compared wherever appropriate. Possible future trends for acoustic PD testing have also been discussed in brief. Acoustic detection of PD Blackburn (1998) says that the acoustic method for PD detection relies on the identification , processing and storage of the signal resulting from a partial discharge. The acoustic signal generated during a PD occurrence is detected and recorded by the acoustic PD testing arrangement. The technique is similar to the generation of thunder during a storm. The acoustic signal is generated when a current streamer develops within the void space. The material surrounding this volume becomes vaporized leading to an explosion that releases a detectable amount of mechanical energy. The released energy then travels along the electrical system’s volume as a pressure field. The acoustic PD detection technique is mostly used in gas-insulated substations as well as in High-voltage transformers. Detections systems that employ this method are also differentiated based on their construction, into internal and external acoustic PD systems. Internal PD systems consist of a sensor that is placed within the transformer tank to detect the magnitude of the pressure wave through the oil med ium. In contrast, external PD systems are based on sensors that are attached to the outside wall of the transformer tank to monitor the pressure wave. Amongst these two methods, the external PD systems are more widely used in the industry due to the ease of construction and operation (Darley, 2001). The main benefit of the acoustic PD detection method over other available techniques is that the information on the position of the PD can be retrieved instantly from the PD detection system through

Introduction to macroeconomics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Introduction to macroeconomics - Essay Example A single estimate is then derived and published as the official estimate of GDP. There are two ways to measure the GDP, Real and the Nominal. Every country uses estimates of GDP in real terms as the international standard to measure growth in an economy. It is essential to follow a common standard so as to allow meaningful comparisons between different economies. United Kingdom follows the international conventions and European Union guidelines. This paper examines the GDP as a metric for measuring the health of an economy. It begins by analysing the distinction between the real and the nominal GDP and then goes on to elucidate the voids in using GDP as a sole quantifier of national economy. It then suggests other alternatives and gives the relative merits of using other systems to access the state of national economy of any country. The GDP of every economy tends to rise over a period of time. ... The real GDP is the value of the GDP at constant prices using a given base year value. It excludes any inflation and reflects the changes purely in volume terms; thus giving the actual level of economic activity. It is estimated using chained volume measures. The nominal GDP gives the value of GDP at current prices, prices for which year the GDP is taken. Growth in nominal GDP reflects the effects of inflation, as well as real GDP growth .It reflects change in value terms. For example to calculate the value of 1999 nominal GDP, we will sum the value of all expenditures in 1999, using the prices that prevailed then. The real GDP would be calculated by taking the sum of the values of all the expenditures in 1999, but using the prices that prevailed in the base year (2003). When the economists need to quantify inflation they take the ratio of nominal to real GDP, and take its percentage. This then is called the GDP deflator. A Time Series data of nominal and real GDP. Year GDP at current market prices (millions of pounds) GDP at constant (2003) market prices (millions of pounds) GDP Deflator (index 2003=100) Population (in millions) 1990 558,160 814,956 68.49 57.237 1991 587,080 803,892 73.03 57.439 1992 611,974 805,699 75.96 57.585 1993 642,656 824,085 77.98 57.714 1994 680,978 859,566 79.22 57.862 1995 719,747 884,748 81.35 58.025 1996 765,152 909,102 84.17 58.164 1997 811,194 936,717 86.60 58.314 1998 860,796 968,040 88.92 58.475 1999 906,567 997,295 90.90 58.684 2000 953,227 1,035,295 92.07 58.886 2001 996,987 1,059,648 94.09 59.113 2002 1,048,767 1,081,469 96.98 59.322 2003 1,110,296 1,110,296 100.00 59.554 2004 1,176,527 1,146,523 102.62 59.834 2005 1,224,715 1,167,792 104.87 60.209 Source : http://eh.net/hmit/ukgdp/ Efficacy of GDP as a

Quantitative method for finance Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Quantitative method for finance - Essay Example 2. Probability models are models that become relevant when the outcome of interest is not continuous (such as wages per week or stock prices) but rather binary in nature such as, work/not work, survive/not survive etc. In such cases, the simplest possible methodology adoptable is that of the linear probability model or LPM. The response variable of interest, say Y takes the values 0 and 1 only and the approach is to model the expected value of this variable as a linear function of the independent predictor variables X: (ii) The variance of y will be dependent on x. That is, the model will suffer from conditional heteroscedasticity. This violates the homoscedasticity assumption of OLS. Thus, even though estimates will still be unbiased, the OLS estimator will not be efficient and the estimated standard error will be biased. (iii) The error terms are also binary. They can only take the values of or and thus cannot be normally distributed. Therefore, the assumption of normality of errors is also violated and this in turn would imply problems for typical inferential procedures. (iv) Finally, due to the binary nature of the dependent variable, diminishing returns cannot hold. Therefore, the functional form restricts the possibility of obtaining diminishing marginal impacts of the independent variable on the dependent variable. 3. (i) If the condition does not hold, then applying OLS is no longer optimum. The assumption implies the error covariances are zero. This is necessary for OLS estimates to have the â€Å"Best, Linear, Unbiased† properties. If the error covariances are not zero, then the assumption of the Gauss-Markov theorem are not satisfied and thus, the OLS estimates are no longer best, although they are still unbiased and consistent. The main problem arises in the context of inferences. 4. (i) If then the series is said to have a unit root. This implies that the series is non-stationary. This essentially translates to the mean and

The Similarities Between Victor And The Monster English Literature Essay

The Similarities Between Victor And The Monster English Literature Essay Throughout the development of English literature there are often times when rival enemies inadvertently share striking similarities between one another, a situation clearly analyzed between Victor and the Monster in Mary Shelleys  captivating novel, Frankenstein. The vivid similarities between the two tragic characters are driven by their dreary isolation from the secluded world, which refuses to accept those who are different into society, by hatred, and most importantly by the absence of motherly figures in both Victors and the Monsters lives. As Victor had stated, I seemed to have lost all soul or sensation but for this one pursuit. (Shelley, 38) as he described that he lost all touch with the world due to his work. Perhaps even the old saying like father, like son can inevitably describe the flawless resemblances between the two seemingly lost characters. However, regardless of even some of the slight differences the two may portray, when comparing their experiences and human-l ike actions, it is clear that their similarities are undoubtedly proven and reflected upon throughout the novel. The ironic isolation with the rest of the world that the two characters undergo plays a major role in contributing to their powerful comparison. Both figures seem to strongly despise one another yet strangely enough, they both also despise themselves for their wrong and disastrous actions. The isolation began with Victors decision to separate himself from the rest of society when he become enthralled with his scientific research and experiments. And the same feelings which made me neglect the scenes around me caused me also to forget those friends who were so many miles absent, and whom I had not seen for so long a time. (Shelley, 40) As for the Monster, he detaches himself and becomes a frantic outsider when he realizes his appearance only drives those who he cares for most, further away from him. However, the Monsters isolation is based more on appearance rather than his decisions and work, for his deformed structure and frightening face are his greatest agonies. When I looked arou nd I saw and heard of none like me. Was I, a Monster, a blot upon the earth from which all men fled and whom all men disowned? (Shelley, 98) Lastly, looking past the text one can see that both characters desire to play their own cards on life, taking it away and bringing it back whenever they want. Victor is prepared to bring life to the dead while the Monster on the opposite hand, is willing to take away life from the living out of rage and misfortune. Life and death appeared to me ideal bounds, which I should first break through, and pour a torrent of light into our dark world. (Shelley, 37) In a tragic twist, both of these deprived characters have been isolated, abandoned, and have simply became outcasts of present society.   Family ties and vengefulness are truly one of the most significant aspects affecting the resemblance of both Victor and the Monster. At a young age, Frankenstein was left without his mother after her death and as a result, he never got to experience the true feelings of a mothers warm touch and love. She died calmlyit is so long before the mind can persuade itself that she whom we saw every day and whose every existence appeared a part of our own can have departed forever and the sound of a voice so familiar and dear to the ear can be hushed, never more to be heard. (Shelley, 29) Just like Victor, in his own time, the Monster never got to experience not only the love of a mother but the love of a father as well. Without these two feelings the Monster was never able to understand what happiness might have truly meant. As a result, the lack of these feelings in their lives caused the two to be driven with more rage then patience and love. Another likeness between Victor and the Monster is them both being very resentful. The Monster shows his dark-side when he decides to demolish the cottagers house, the only thing that expressed in him his affectionate human-like feelings. Moreover, Victor shows the same anger when he refuses and rejects the attempt to connect and understand the life of his creation. Perhaps it truly was the lack of love from ones mother and that from both of ones parents that caused the similarities in loneliness, anger and strive for revenge between the two main characters. Victor and his creation are two characters which despite of their differences still resemble a strong and vivid connection. These driven characters thrive for the same goals, feed of similar pain, and feel the same loneliness, remorse and isolation as one another. These similarities are so extreme that it is for no reason that most of the world recognizes the creature by the name of Frankenstein himself. Isolated by society, abandoned by their childhood figures, and driven by rage, Victor and the Monster may be more alike than we can simply prove.

Use of Allegories in A New England Nun :: New England Nun Essays

Use of Allegories in A New England Nun  Ã‚     In "A New England Nun", Mary E. Wilkins Freeman depicts the life of the classic New England spinster. The image of a spinster is of an old maid; a woman never married waiting for a man. The woman waiting to be married is restricted in her life. She does chores and receives education to make her more desirable as a wife.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   This leads to the allegories used in this short story. The protagonist life paralleled both of her pets' lives, her dog Caesar's and that of her little yellow canary. Both comparisons are of restriction and fear of freedom. The animals and the woman of this story are irreversible tamed by their captivity, and no longer crave freedom. Ideas of sin guilt and atonement are also present between the woman and the dog. These images typify nineteenth century beliefs of women and their place in society. This story of Louisa Ellis is an allegory for woman, and uses the levels of allegory ironically. The stories of the dog and the bird layer the theme to help represent Louisa's life, who in turn represents the Eighteenth century woman of society. Louisa's animals and their relationship to her suitor are further links between her and her pets. The suitor brings out different traits than the norm in both the animals and the woman of this story. The man's influence is seen as disruptive. Man is seen as a threat to the serenity and security of a spinster's life.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Imagery put forth by this story, and by stereotypes of the day is of the new England spinster. Women who were not married yet, lived a life of chores and piousness. They learned their domestic chores and other things that would make them presentable as a wife. They did gardening work, read literature, mended clothing and the sort. These women were dependent on men to come and take them, to change their lives. Those who were not chosen were called old maids or spinsters. They typically were wealthy enough not work, so they lived a singular existence at their homes. Their homes became prisons. Leaving the home was possible

Academic dishonesty Essay

Introduction Welcome to Language for Study III. The purpose of this course is to enhance students’ linguistic ability and knowledge of academic skills and activities to equip students for success in undergraduate level study. Course Description The module draws on language from Skills for Study III to build vocabulary, grammatical competency, and refine pronunciation, prepare students to understand nuances of spoken and written communication as well as execute accurate use of spoken and written academic work. Learning Outcomes 1. Develop abilities to use lexical and grammatical knowledge to critically evaluate discourse presented in academic forms. 2. Understand and evaluate persuasive elements in research and discourse. 3. Demonstrate linguistic proficiency to write a critical response to a standpoint or researched position. 4. Produce a range of lexical, phonological, and grammatical features of language to orally respond to excerpts of spoken and written discourse expressing a standpoint or researched position. Course Outline* Delivery Plan| Week 1| Unit 1: An electronic world(Part A)Lesson1: Introduction to the module and syllabus. Lesson 2: Understanding spoken information: identify features of fluent speech. Understand how pauses, intonation and stress influence listeners. pp. 7-13| Week 2| (Part B)Lesson 3: Become familiar with different types of written text: refer to authors’ ideas. Identify persuasive language. pp. 14-22(Part C)Lesson 4: Investigating: identify grammatical structure of reporting verbs. Identify reporting-verb collocations. pp. 23-30 | Week 3| (Part D)Lesson 5: Reporting in speech: identify intonation and new information. Identify and use tones for authority and finishing a topic. pp. See more: Unemployment – problems and solutions essay 31-37Practise/mock Exam(Part E)Lesson 6: Reporting in writing: identify general-specific structure in introductions. Identify linking words. Write and paraphrase definitions using academic nouns. pp. 38-46| Week 4| Unit 2: New frontiers(Part A)Lesson 1: Follow lectures in English: recognise and use stressed and unstressed syllables. pp. 48-53(Part B)Lesson 2: Understanding written information: identify signposting for written arguments. Identify assumptions. pp. 54-61| Week 5| (Part C)Lesson 3: Investigating: identify and use hedging devices. Identify vocabulary used in stating premises. pp. 62-69(Part D)Lesson 4: Reporting in speech: refer to graphics and visual data. Refer to sources in a presentation. pp. 70-77| Week 6| (Part E)Lesson 5: Reporting in writing: link sentences and paragraphs. pp. 78-85Lesson 6: Review of Unit 2| Week 7| Unit 3: The individual in society(Part A)Lesson 1: Identify the language of speculation. pp. 87-97(Part B)Lesson 2: Understand written information: understand the way claims are made and evaluate them in a context. pp. 98-105| Week 8| (Part C)Lesson 3: Investigating: reconstruct information from notes. Synthesise information from sources. pp. 106-114(Part D)Lesson 4: Reporting in speech: summarise key aspects of research. Present an oral argument with different viewpoints. pp. 115-124| Week 9| (Part E)Lesson 5: Reporting in writing: identify and use substitution and ellipsis. Identify and use different ways of paraphrasing. pp. 125-133Lesson 6: Review of Unit 3| Week 10| Unit 4: Choices (Part A)Lesson 1: listen critically: identify and understand repetition. Identify stance markers. pp. 135-144(Part B)Lesson 2: Critically evaluate logic in texts: identify emphasis in academic texts. Identify and understand analogy in academic texts. pp. 135-144 | Week 11| (Part C)Lesson 3: Develop and independent learner: identify common errors in formality levels of academic emails. Identify formal and informal language in written communication. pp. 157-167(Part D)Lesson 4: Conclude a presentation: speculate about research results in conclusions. pp. 168-175| Week 12| (Part E)Lesson 5: Conclude, review and edit an essay: develop language for writing conclusions. refer to various sections of an academic text. Express importance, desirability and necessity. pp. 176-185Lesson 6: Unit 4 continued| Week 13| Writing Exam | Week 14| Overall review of the module. In class reflection and evaluation| Week 15| Reading, Listening and Speaking Final Exam| *(Subject to change due to unforeseen circumstances) Course material McNair, A. and Gooch, F. (2012). Language for Study III. Cambridge: Cambridge. Assessment This explains how you will be marked in this course Module Assessment| | Time/Number of Words| Weight (%)| Week Due| Relevant Learning Outcome| Writing| 2 hours| 25%| 13| All learning outcomes| Reading| 2 hours| 25%| 15| | Listening| 1. 5| 25%| 15| | Speaking| 1. 5| 25%| 15| | * Attendance – you must maintain a minimum attendance rate of 80%. Attendance will also be assessed by your readiness for class, arriving on time and your involvement in class discussions. Be sure to bring your class materials, such as pens, textbook, reading materials, extra paper, folder, etc. If you miss one class, you will be marked absent for the class. Students who leave class early without proper excuse will be counted absent. Deducted marks for late arrivals will be reflected in the class attendance grade. Therefore, punctuality is vital. (See the Access Student Handbook for details regarding absence due to illness) * You need to satisfactorily complete all the assignments set by your instructor. Your instructor will provide you with specific criteria for satisfactory performance on an assignment by assignment basis. Failure to complete assignments will result in academic probation and possible dismissal from the class. Credits and Workload This is a 10 credit course. You have class 2 hours a week, and are expected to study 4 hours a week outside of class. Classroom Etiquette * Mobiles – please ensure that your phones are off while you are in class. * Golden Rule: treat people the way you would like to be treated. Respect your instructor’s and colleagues. * For further questions and an overview of what behavior warrant disciplinary measures. See the Code of Conduct in the Student Handbook. Academic Dishonesty UKH policies regarding academic dishonesty apply to all assignments and exams completed in this course. Students should consult the Access Handbook for a detailed explanation with examples for this offence. An inability or unwillingness to conform to university standards of academic honesty is grounds for dismissal from UKH. Academic dishonesty Essay You are expected to demonstrate professionalism throughout your graduate education program. Professionalism includes the ways you participate in the university classroom and in teaching experiences in school. Your professional disposition is reviewed by advisors, professors, and the Professional Standards Committee. Exhibiting professionalism in the university classroom and the schools is a necessary requirement for continuing in the program. |Areas of | |Professional Dispositions | | | |Dependability and Reliability – Candidate demonstrates behaviors that are characteristic of the professional teacher such as | |punctuality, attendance and organization. Lessons are very well-planned and presented. | |Respect -Candidate demonstrates respect for supervisors and colleagues, students and other educational stakeholders, and is held in| |esteem by peers and supervisors. | |Commitment and Initiative – Candidate demonstrates commitment to learning and students; creates different learning strategies for | |students; and shares new and unusual professional resources with colleagues. | |Responsiveness – Candidate seeks and values constructive feedback from peers, instructors, and mentors; and goes beyond the call of| |duty to utilized feedback in teaching and planning. | |Collaboration – Candidate creates positives relationships within the university classroom and with stakeholders in the school | |community as well as suggests tips for sustaining positive relationships. See more:Â  First Poem for You Essay | |Open-Mindedness – Candidate demonstrates willingness that is characteristic of professionals in terms of willingness to examine | |both traditional and innovative practices, and demonstrates flexibility when dealing with uncertainty and complex educational | |issues through personal extensive inquiry and consultation. | |Knowledgeable – Candidate demonstrates awareness of current educational issues and demonstrates the ability to illustrate and apply| |subject matter concepts consistently and sequentially in lessons. | |Communication – Candidate demonstrates the ability to effectively write and speak, how to assist students in successfully utilizing| |applicable concepts of the language arts in terms of mastery as indicated by students’ work and grades. | |Confidentiality – Candidate demonstrates characteristics of the professional teachers such as sharing information about students | |and specific classroom anecdotes in confidential and respectful ways. Candidate shares information only with those who need to | |know. | |Academic Honesty – Candidate demonstrates academic honesty, a behavior that is characteristic of a professional teacher by | |producing independent, original work. | |Appearance – Candidate consistently wears appropriate professional attire while teaching. | |Teaching Effectiveness – Candidate demonstrates the ability to plan and to engage students in productive learning events that | |feature critical and insightful thinking, and demonstrates effective management skills by using a variety of strategies to foster | |appropriate student behavior according to individual and situational needs. | |Fairness – Candidate engages in practices that recognize all students, and all students received constructive feedback and | |encouragement. Student progress is recognized as well as mastery. All students believe that they can improve. | |Bias – Candidate engages in practices that recognize all students and encourage active student participation in activities and | |discussion that highlight the value of diversity and the richness of student’s experience. | I have read and understood this statement of my professional responsibilities. Student Name (print)_______________________________________ Date __________________ Revised 7/1/2011 IV. Go to this link http://www. lib. usm. edu/legacy/plag/plagiarismtutorial. php and go through the plagiarism tutorial. Remember that using a paper, article review, etc. from another course is also considered plagiarism. Send the posttest scores to my email address. V. Please read the Academic Integrity Policy (located under content) before signing the documents below. ACADEMIC INTEGRITY Student Signature Form Academic Honor Pledge I promise or affirm that I will not at any time be involved in cheating, plagiarism, fabrication, or any other acts of academic dishonesty as defined by university policy which explains the disciplinary procedure resulting from violations of academic integrity. I understand that violation of this code will result in penalties, which could include suspension or dismissal from the university. (Student Handbook AKA The Red Book) Initial each below that is applicable. __________I have read and understand the Academic Honor Pledge above. __________I have read and understand the Academic Integrity Policy provided in the Student Handbook AKA The Red Book. __________The instructor, _____________________________, covered the Academic Integrity Policy in class, EDU _____________ for the _________________ term. __________I have gone over one or both of the tutorials (links provided in the syllabus) on plagiarism. ____________________________________________________________ Print Name Date VI. Read Chapter 1 in your TestBook and the Introduction Powerpoint located under Module I before completing the questions below. Classify each by research type: descriptive/survey, correlational, causal-comparative, experimental, or qualitative. If causal-comparative or experimental, identify the independent and dependent variables. If correlational, identify predictor and criterion variables if there are any. 1. The purpose of this research is to examine the relationship between creativity and achievement. 2. The purpose of this research is to examine prediction of success in physics based on a physics aptitude test. 3. The purpose of this research is to examine the effect of birth order on academic achievement. 4. The purpose of this research is to examine self-esteem of males versus females 5. The purpose of this research is to examine the attitudes of parents toward lowering the mandatory school attendance age from 16 to 14 years of age. 6. The purpose of this research is to examine the ethnography of teacher-parent conferences. 7. The purpose of this research is to examine opinions of principals regarding decentralization of decision-making. 8. The purpose of this research is to examine effects of assertive discipline on the behavior of children with hyperactivity. 9. The purpose of this research is to examine the relationship between the time it takes to run the 100-yard dash and high jumping performance. 10. The purpose of this research is to examine the effectiveness of daily homework with respect to achievement in Algebra I. 11. The purpose of this research is to examine the attitudes of teachers toward school-based management. 12. The purpose of this research is to examine the effect of superintendents via observations and conversations. 13. The purpose of this research is to examine comparative effectiveness of the whole-language method versus the basal method of reading instruction. 14. The purpose of this research is to examine trends in reading methods from 1950 to 1990. 15. The purpose of this research is to examine if children’s social adjustment in Grade 1 is enhanced by increased dramatic play in kindergarten. 16. The purpose of this research is to examine if there is a negative relationship between amount of assigned homework and student attitude toward school. 17. The purpose of this research is to examine if longer school days produce a decrease in student participation in extra-curricular activities. The purpose of this research is to examine if students will achieve better in mathematics if they use Saxon Textbooks rather than if they use Merrill Textbooks.

Descriptive Essay My Private Hideaway Essay Example

Descriptive Essay My Private Hideaway Essay Example Descriptive Essay My Private Hideaway Essay Descriptive Essay My Private Hideaway Essay Use the prompt your given to create enough topic sentences that, when proven, answer the entire prompt. If Its a difficult prompt, you can create these topic sentences from the evidence (quotes) you first find In the book that you will use to prove your points. Your thesis is then the summary of the topic sentences you came up with. It should be as specific as possible, while still summarizing the totality of what your topic sentences claim. The thesis should be one sentence in formal voice and it should answer the prompt completely. So the form of the essay preterit, when finished, looks like as follows: Thesis Topic Sentence (as many as you need) (As many such chunks as you need to answer your answer to the prompt well). Sample Essay Preterit Process Prompt: Many young people have strong opinions about whether or not their community is a desirable place for teens to live. Consider the appeal your community has for teens. Write a multi-paragraph letter to parents of teens in another area and convince them to move to or avoid your community. Step 1: Brainstorm possible evidence. -mill creek town center -close to Seattle (sports events) -Edmonds marina beach -meadowland beach meadowland Plainfield.

APA Guidelines for Correct Form

APA Guidelines for Correct Form APA guidelines have made the documentation process much easier. Using parenthetical citations, you can quickly and easily cite the works of others, avoiding plagiarism and keeping your paper clean. These guidelines have changed since the old days of schooling, and now have been adapted to encompass all sorts of analytical papers and publications. APA Guidelines for Correct Form Perhaps you know how to create a bibliography. But times have changed, and now the correct format for citations is a bit different than you might remember. The days of footnotes and endnotes are long gone, along with pages of citations, for each instance of quotations. What the APA guidelines have done is accomplish documentation with the least amount of hassle. Without unduly interrupting your text, you can quote extensively and give proper credit to the author. In fact, if you quote a single book 56 times, you only need a simple parenthetical citation after each quotation. Then, in your list of works cited, you only need name the publication once. What Are Parenthetical Citations? Parenthetical citations are simply citations enclosed in parentheses at the close of the relevant sentence. Usually these consist of the author or editors last name, along with a page number. These make for easily inserted documentation, and are usually followed by an alphabetized list of sources at the papers end.

Foundation of Criminal Law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Foundation of Criminal Law - Essay Example 31 (issued in 1970),  that defined recklessness as: " A person is reckless if, (a) knowing that there is a risk that an " event may result from his conduct or that a circumstances may " exist, he takes that risk, and (b) it is unreasonable for him to take " it, having regard to the degree and nature of the risk which he knows " to be present." With this definition, Lord Edmund-Davies explains that recklessness entails having a foresight of the outcome or its consequences, along with the â€Å"objective judgment of the reasonableness of the risk taken.3† Thus, Metcalfe and Ashworth differentiate Lord Edmund-Davies’ discussion with that of Lord Diplock’s speech saying that it lacked the supporting statutory interpretation.4 Metcalfe and Ashworth also pointed out the considerations made by the House of Lords in the R v G case. Lord Bingham stated that the Caldwell decision misconstrued the statute, particularly Section 1(1) of the 1971 Act5 and went against the ru le requiring that there be a â€Å"subjective mens rea† in case of serious crime conviction, leading to unfair results that might be â€Å"neither moral nor just.†6 Lord Steyn on the other hand, focused on the injustice of using Caldwell decision to children, citing the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child.7 The commentary also discussed the meaning of â€Å"recklessness† as ascribed by the House of Lords in the R v G decision. Lord Bingham adopted the definition cited in the draft criminal code of 1989 wherein a person is said to act recklessly if â€Å"with respect to (i) a circumstance when he is aware of a risk that it exists or will exist; (ii) a result when he is aware of a risk that it will occur; and it is, in the circumstances known to him, unreasonable to take the risk.†8 Metcalfe and Ashworth explains that from this definition, it can be deduced that â€Å"any awareness of any degree of risk satisfies the definition, and that the judgment of the unreasonableness of  a risk (when that issue is contested) is for the tribunal of fact.†9 With this, they foresee that this same definition may be used uniformly throughout the criminal law, except for judges who would substitute the term â€Å"reckless† with â€Å"gross negligence† necessary in a manslaughter conviction.10 Finally, Metcalfe and Ashworth discusses the question of legal policy as regards the liability of children, taking into consideration the differing standards applicable to children and mentally disordered people, from that of adults who are of sound mind and hence, should have been aware of the need to take care. In this case, they opined that the courts still sustain â€Å"strict liability for offences that may carry prison sentences of some length† and state that the legislature has emphasized on the objective standards especially in the Sexual Offences Act 2003, in that they introduced the â€Å"test of ‘absence of re asonable belief’ in consent to replace the previous recklessness requirement.†11 With this discussion of Metcalfe and Ashworth, it raised more questions than answers in definitely identifying the elements to be considered in criminal liabilities involving recklessness. Their discussion was not able to persuasively argue that indeed a different standard should be applied especially those concerning children, or having a subjective approach to the circumstance of a child or person at the time the act committed, rather than seeing a circumstance from an objective point of

Managing information systems Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Managing information systems - Essay Example This report is aimed at assessing the need of information for the better management and handling of the huge event of the London Olympics 2012. This report will offer a great assistance in managing, controlling and handling the event viewers and public approaching the city. Management information systems have turned out to be significant component of every business that allows extensive management of the organizational data and information processing, storage, handling and management. It is really difficult for an organization to handle the organizational management tasks without having management information systems facility. The introduction of basic terms is essential before defining management information system. Data are combination of unrefined facts representing events taking place in organizations or the physical environment prior to they have been structured and managed into a structure that people can recognize and utilize. Data can include text, numbers, images and videos. On the other hand, information refers to data that have been transformed into a structure that is important and functional to human beings (Shelly, Cashman, & Vermaat, 2005, p. 6; Norton, 2001, p. 4; Laudon & Laudon, 1999, p. 7). According to (Turban, Leidner, McLean, & Wetherbe, 2005, p. 18), an information system gathers, stores, operates, evaluates, and distributes information for a particular function. Similar to any other system, an information system consists of inputs (such as instructions and data) and outputs (reports, calculations). It performs operations on the inputs by using technology like PCs and develops outputs that are delivered to users or to other systems by means of electronic networks (Turban, Leidner, McLean, & Wetherbe, 2005, p. 18). â€Å"The term information system can be described technically as a collection of interrelated components that bring together, process,

Crimes Against Humanity and Genocide in India Essay

Crimes Against Humanity and Genocide in India - Essay Example The violence that broke out was patterned on the themes of political/religious intolerance and ethnic cleansing. Pertinent issues of concern include the lack of proper police response, as well as organized perpetration of crime that went unabated by concerned security agencies (in Delhi). The involvement of government officials will be discussed, as well the Indian Army’s role-play. The massacre of the Sikhs in Punjab, India was an organized crime that was supported by the government following the assassination of Indira Gandhi who was Prime Minister at the time of her death, having had a massive influence on India’s political landscape because of her relation to Mahatma Gandhi, India’s most revered personality. The massacre led to the death of many people and destruction of a lot of property following the effective organization of the massacre. It is during her administration that the Indian Emergency (the 1970s) was imposed with this subsequently resulting in the detention of thousands of Sikhs who were politically agitating for some form of autonomy (Deol 78). During this era, sporadic violence was present, resulting from the increased armed activity of an armed Sikh separatist group. The Indian government’s apt designation of this separatist group as a terrorist entity further worsened the already tense political atmosphere (Deol 75). This culminated in the commencement of Operation Blue Star, where Prime Minister Indira ordered an attack on the Golden Temple by the Indian Army. This was in response to the violent occupation of the Temple by Sikh separatists, who being viewed as insurgents, were reported to have been stockpiling weapons (Singh). Her tough stance towards the group resulted in this direct order that was to focus on eliminating any insurgents founds, with later armed operations initiated in the larger Punjab state’s countryside.Indian paramilitary forces were commanded to clear any separatists that were hosted in the countryside with no option of negotiation (Rana).

Interactive Simulation Paper Essay Example for Free

Interactive Simulation Paper Essay Workplace discrimination can be reflected in many ways, gender, age group, race, nationality or disability and can have legal and fiscal consequence for a company (Bennett-Alexander Hartman, 2007). Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, the Age Discrimination in Employment Act (ADEA), and the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) are some of the laws and regulations that make discrimination unlawful in the conditions and terms of job, for example hiring, evaluation, and promotion. Its important for administrators to identify different types of discrimination and defend against employees in the place of work (Bennett-Alexander Hartman, 2007). The measures a company may have the appropriate adjustments for employees with disabilities, or those with a known drug abuse problem, the employees with a known drug abuse problem, the companies must have an arrangement on announcing a pre-employment in addition to a post-employment alcohol and drug test. An employee with a drug abuse issue may be in the company code of breach. The company can offer technique to re-employ the employee in matters of rehabilitation status is complete. Alternatively if the employee has an alcohol abuse the company should inform the employee of internal or external counseling aid or treatment (UOP, 2014). The alternatives for the employee are termination, counseling or therapy, or warning. These solutions can benefit the employee and employer. As for disable persons applying for a job, there is The Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA), The Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) employment agencies, labor unions, and joint labor-management committees (Bennett-Alexander Hartman, 2007). Executive agencies of the United States government are exempt from the ADA, but these agencies are covered instead by similar nondiscrimination requirements and additional affirmative employment requirements under Section 501 of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973 (Bennett-Alexander Hartman, 2007). The challenges may include inaccessible equipment or amenities or perhaps a procedures or regulations should meet the criteria. Good accommodating dismisses these challenges for a disabled employee. This where the ADA brings in companies to establish accommodations for their disabled employees, . Therefore, they appreciate the privileges and benefits of the  employment. Factors according to perso nality, attitude toward work, and future upward mobility should be considered when hiring. A candidates goal-settings, work attitudes, and, are considered elements that justify the process of employment. These characteristics are essential and effective to the companies modern office environments. In addition, applicants may believe a possible discrimination towards themselves regarding the company but it is not the case in the hiring process. The two applicants selected were a female and Judaic. The female employee made accusations of sexual harassment regarding two co-workers in her work group and had assumptions of her manager behavior was unjust when evaluating her work performance concerning the reported accusations. The issue should examine thoroughly, and companies indeed react with the professional manner in this sort of conduct to remain clear of any sexual harassment. The Judaic employee reported of his religious beliefs on the project given to him by a manager regarding the advertisement of a meat product. This was altered for the employee regarding religious af filiation but costly. This cases that have arisen with the two candidates selected had legal advice from the company Legal Counselor for HHP. Her choices include credentials and abilities for the workplace; not sex, impairment of faith, and not race. The company president concerns with a female employee working in the surroundings of a white male environment and Manager, the Executive Director uncertainty of employees support of African-American rights in addition to feminist status. These characteristics should not be an interest of concern in the hiring process (UOP, 2014). Title VII is a federal government law and a work contract, verbal or written and should comply with the laws and regulations of the job. Title VII may bypass the job atmosphere and conditions specified in a written job agreement between a company and worker. The job contract wont bypass Title VII; but, Title VII will bypass the contract. Before Title VII, the company could employ and terminate an employee for any given reason. Title VII forbids discrimination in employing, firing, coaching, promotion, discipline or any other office decisions. (Bennett-Alexander Hartman, 2007). Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 and the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) cover all private employers, state and local governments, and education institutions which use fifteen or over persons (Bennett-Alexander Hartman, 2007). A work agreement doesnt permit or  legalize any action of discrimination t hat is covered by Title VII. Title VII overrode the job atmosphere and office conditions (Bennett-Alexander Hartman, 2007). Religious values should be accommodated with a good faith effort by the company (UOP, 2014). Moreover, the Executive Director was worried about the employee having the ability to travel to deal with customers; however he is a protected under the rules of ADA. With the introduction of the latest technology could allow the specific employee to able to teleconferences or net conferences with customers and still meet his job conditions (UOP, 2014). Reference Bennett- Alexander, D. D., Hartman, L. P. (2007). Employment law for business (5th ed.). Boston, MA: McGraw-Hill. UOP. (2014). Simulations: Preventing Workplace Discrimination [Multimedia]. Retrieved from UOP, MGT/434 website.

The UK Property Market

The UK Property Market Residential Property The United Kingdom enjoyed serious property boom for over a decade. The property boom slowed down when the economic meltdown commenced in 2008. During the boom years the value of property in the United Kingdom soared, and in some cases the value of properties rose by over 200 percent (Cameron, 2005:5). One of the main factors for the boom was that the economy had a long period of sustained growth, furthermore the interest rates were regulated by the government and kept low. Added to these factors was an upsurge in property investments fuelled by both local and foreign investors. Finally the government kept a tight control on the number of new houses built during that period, so that effectively demand outstripped supply (Cameron, 2005:5). Currently, the bubble in the property market in the United Kingdom has burst and the market is currently undergoing some reforms. Prices are no longer rising as fast as they were some years ago and there is now an oversupply of houses in the property market as home owners are reluctant to sell in this current state. The effect of this is that supply of properties out stripes demand in residential property (Ruddick and Moore, 2010:1). The economic slowdown affected all sectors of the property market, however the price of houses in London are slowly picking up and this is due to the weak pound that has made a lot of foreign investors to come in to the UK and invest in properties (Evening Standard, March 30, 2010). Stake holders are arguing that the Carlsberg review of residential properties should be the bench mark for carrying out reforms in the residential sector as well as all the other sectors of the property market. Furthermore, the reforms currently going on is aimed at producing better and more information to customers, this lead to the introduction of the Home Owners Information Package (HIPs). The government plans to regulate the property market, especially the estate agents so that it will no longer be an all comers affairs. Finally, there is now a standards board in the property industry, although they have limited powers. On the other hand, the residential property market in Europe is different from the property market in the UK. The residential property market in the UK encourages people to buy their own homes, unlike in Europe, where the emphasis is more on long term renting (Oswald, 1999:10). Credit is readily available in the UK in order to assist home owners to buy properties, unlike in Europe where it was not easily available (Oswald, 1999:10). However all this has changed as the residential property market in Europe is undergoing some reforms that has had a great effect on the residential, commercial and industrial properties all over Europe. It appears that most European nations are copying the UK model and are now encouraging its citizens to be home owners instead of renting. Spain is a good example (Oswald, 1999:7). Furthermore, with the opening up of the EU, Europeans can now move to any EU country and acquire property, this factor has greatly affected the property market in the EU, because capital can now be moved easily and investors in one part of the EU can take advantage of cheap properties in any other part of the EU. Finally, it appears that for eight years starting from 1990, the reforms and gains of the real estate market in the United Kingdom were modelled on the system of the United States; however for six years starting from 1998, the property market in the United Kingdom appeared to be harmonized with that of its European neighbours (Lee, 2009:32). Commercial Property and Industrial Property Commercial properties are scarce in the UK and demand exceeds supply. This among other factors led to a boom in the commercial property sector. However there appears to be a slump at the moment as Commercial property in UK was also affected by the global economic down turn. However current reports indicate that the commercial property sector in the UK is picking up and investors are starting to snatch up prime commercial properties (Evening Standard, March 30, 2010). The commercial property yield in the UK is quite impressive and high compared to its European neighbours. On the other hand, commercial properties in Europe also appear to be booming. The European economy is recovering and a lot of foreign investors are investing in commercial properties in Europe (Oswald, 1999:7). The economic meltdown has also affected the growth of commercial property in Europe and the sector is also undergoing reforms just like the market is undergoing in the UK. Most EU countries have put legislation in place in order to allow real estate investment trusts (Oswald, 1999:27). This legislation will make it easier for foreign investors to invest in the commercial property sector and inject the much need funds in order to keep the commercial property sector booming. Finally the demand for industrial property is low in the UK. This is due to the fact that a lot of industries are closing down due to high cost of labour and the strong Pound Sterling. Companies are moving their operations to Europe and other areas where it will be cheaper for them to operate. While in Euro pe the demand for industrial property is booming, due to the stability of the Euro as well as the economic prosperity in the Euro Zone. Furthermore due to some recent EU Directives, setting an industry in some EU countries is now a lot cheaper and easier than it used to be. (B) The five major skills that I acquired in the university are as follows: communication skills, multi-tasking, organizing skills and time management skills, IT skills and interpersonal abilities. The main purpose of communication is to convey ones message to recipients. Good communication takes many forms such as speaking, writing and listening (Heller, 1998:6). I gained my communication skills in the university through course work presentations, seminar discussions, formal training sessions and face to face meeting with my course leader. These range of activities helped me to acquire my verbal and communication skills in the university. I improved my verbal and communications skills in the university by devoting time to the three key elements of effective communication, which are, effective initial preparation, effective structuring of my material and effective delivery of my material (King, 1992: 14). Finally, the art of getting ones message across effectively is a vital part of being a good manager (Heller, 1998:1). Communication skill will help me in future because no matter my status within an organization I will be giving instructions to my colleagues, superiors or juniors and these instructions can range from simple instructions or requests to complex instructions. I also gained IT skills and interpersonal abilities while studying in the university. We had a specialized IT unit in the university that offered training and support to students. I went for many lectures and training that the IT unit organized on campus. We had a large IT laboratory on campus and each student had a password that allowed the student access to any of the personal computers in the IT laboratory and there was always an IT specialist to offer technical support to any student that was experiencing difficulties. Inter personal abilities is basically about getting on well with your colleagues. I was in a university with people from different cultures and backgrounds. I also lived in the hostel and I had three flat mates all from different cultures and backgrounds and we to share the same living room and kitchen. These are the factors that helped me gain inter personal skills while studying in the university. The explosive growth of information technology in recent years highlights the need and importance of IT skills (Pearlson Saunders, 2006:7). In future if I work in an organisation I could be asked to take on any tasks that require different skills at different times. Finally, most organisations are now a mix of people from different cultures and backgrounds, therefore my interpersonal skills as well as communications will benefit me, if I find myself working in such multinational organisations in the future. One other skill that I gained while studying was multi-tasking and organizing skills. These two skills are essential skill (Crenshaw, 2007:15). I gained this skill by taking part in different activities in the university. As an undergraduate you are introduced to many different activities and some of them have no relationship with one another. I was introduced to so many different activities that involved different tasks to accomplish. I gained organising skills by been involved in many societies on campus. The effect of this was that I had to organise my time effectively and efficiently between my course work and my other activities on campus. This skill will help me in future due to the fact that I can cope in a busy working environment. Furthermore, I can be versatile and engage in different activities that are not related. Finally, I will be able to organize and balance my personal life and my working life. The last key skill that I acquired while in the university was time management skills. Time management is all about determining ones priorities. There is usually a lot to accomplish in the university. When you acquire this skill you can then be able to determine your priorities. I gained this skill my making a daily ‘to do list the day before and I usually organized my list in accordance with three criteria: the importance/urgency of the task, the amount of time available and the quality of time available (Morris, 1996:73). This skill enabled me to be in control of my personal life and academic life. This skill will help me function well under pressure and make me be in control of my work load in any organisation I find myself working for in future. Bibliography Cameron, G (2005) The UK Housing Market, Economic Review, University of Oxford Journal, Oxford Crenshaw, D (2007) The Myth of Multi-tasking, Key Organisations System, London Heller, R (1998) Communicate Clearly, Dorling Kindersley, London King, A.G (1992) Effective Communication, Blackstone Press, London Lee, S (2009) Is the UK real estate market converging with the rest of Europe? Journal of European Real Estate Research, Vol.2, Issue 1, 18-32 Morris, B (1996) First Steps in Management, Library Association Publishing, London Oswald, A.J (1999) The Housing market and Europes Unemployment: A Non-Technical Paper, Economic Department, University of Warwick, Warwick Ruddick, G and Moore, M (2010) UK Housing Market: Double Dip Fears, Telegraph on line can be assessed at http://www.telegraph.co.uk/finance/economics/houseprices/7539267/UK-housing-market-double-dip-fears-subside-slightly.html > Scott, P (1996) The property Masters: a History of the British Commercial Property Sector, Spon E FN, London